Sem Resultado
Ver Todos Os Resultados
Newsletters
Agroportal
  • Login
  • Registar
  • Sugeridas
  • Notícias
    • Notícias
    • Nacional
    • Internacional
    • Comunicados

    China alarga embargo à importação de frango brasileiro a todos os produtos derivados

    Sargaço

    Algas valem 9,2 milhões de euros e “Portugal tem tudo para ser líder europeu”

    Moçambique deixa de subsidiar preço do algodão na atual campanha agrária

    Setor agrícola está mais resiliente

    Repensar a Agricultura Europeia – Manuel Chaveiro Soares

    GPP

    1.ª Reunião Portugal-Brasil: Fortalecimento da Cooperação no Setor Vitivinícola

    Sogevinus muda de nome e foca-se na valorização da marca Kopke

    Newsletter Diária do Agroportal: Se ainda não recebe inscreva-se aqui

    CNA

    Plenário de Viticultores no Douro realiza-se domingo, no Peso da Régua

  • Opinião
    Manuel Chaveiro Soares

    Gripe Aviária: um risco que importa minimizar

    Bruno Carvalho e Fernando Portela

    Kiwi português, um setor em crescimento com desafios por superar

    José Martino

    Do Mito da Autossuficiência a uma Nova PAC

    Ondina Afonso

    Made in Portugal: a sustentabilidade e qualidade da produção nacional como pilar do futuro do país

    Produção animal sustentável

    António Lopes Dias

    Sensibilizar, reciclar, evoluir: juntos, tornamos os desafios numa oportunidade para proteger o futuro do planeta

    Jose Mesquita Milheiro

    Investimentos nas explorações agrícolas – Urgências e desafios

    Semear futuro

    Ricardo Dinis

    Solos que defendem: a importância da vida subterrânea na resiliência do montado

  • Eventos
  • Dossiers

    Dossiers I

    • Agricultura Biológica
    • Apoios
    • Artigos Técnicos
    • Biossoluções
    • Cadeia Alimentar
    • Fertilizantes
    • Financiamento
    • Fitofarmacêuticos

    Dossiers II

    • Florestas
    • Futuro da PAC
    • Inovação
    • Mercados
    • Newsletters e Revistas
    • Recomendações Agroflorestais
    • Seguros

    Últimas

    Almendras: los precios están un 82% más altos que hace un año

    31/05/2025

    Nueva semana sin tendencia clara en los precios en origen del aceite de oliva

    31/05/2025

    Bolsa do Porco – Semana 22/2025 – 2,552€ (Subida de 0,020€)

    30/05/2025

    Jornadas Técnicas: Segurança no Trabalho Florestal

    30/05/2025

    Newsletter Diária do Agroportal: Se ainda não recebe inscreva-se aqui

    30/05/2025

    Polinizadores: os ajudantes da reprodução das plantas

    30/05/2025
  • Serviços
    • Diretório
    • Emprego
    • Máquinas Agrícolas
    • Meteorologia
    • Terrenos Agrícolas
    • Arquivo Agroportal
Agroportal
  • Sugeridas
  • Notícias
    • Notícias
    • Nacional
    • Internacional
    • Comunicados

    China alarga embargo à importação de frango brasileiro a todos os produtos derivados

    Sargaço

    Algas valem 9,2 milhões de euros e “Portugal tem tudo para ser líder europeu”

    Moçambique deixa de subsidiar preço do algodão na atual campanha agrária

    Setor agrícola está mais resiliente

    Repensar a Agricultura Europeia – Manuel Chaveiro Soares

    GPP

    1.ª Reunião Portugal-Brasil: Fortalecimento da Cooperação no Setor Vitivinícola

    Sogevinus muda de nome e foca-se na valorização da marca Kopke

    Newsletter Diária do Agroportal: Se ainda não recebe inscreva-se aqui

    CNA

    Plenário de Viticultores no Douro realiza-se domingo, no Peso da Régua

  • Opinião
    Manuel Chaveiro Soares

    Gripe Aviária: um risco que importa minimizar

    Bruno Carvalho e Fernando Portela

    Kiwi português, um setor em crescimento com desafios por superar

    José Martino

    Do Mito da Autossuficiência a uma Nova PAC

    Ondina Afonso

    Made in Portugal: a sustentabilidade e qualidade da produção nacional como pilar do futuro do país

    Produção animal sustentável

    António Lopes Dias

    Sensibilizar, reciclar, evoluir: juntos, tornamos os desafios numa oportunidade para proteger o futuro do planeta

    Jose Mesquita Milheiro

    Investimentos nas explorações agrícolas – Urgências e desafios

    Semear futuro

    Ricardo Dinis

    Solos que defendem: a importância da vida subterrânea na resiliência do montado

  • Eventos
  • Dossiers

    Dossiers I

    • Agricultura Biológica
    • Apoios
    • Artigos Técnicos
    • Biossoluções
    • Cadeia Alimentar
    • Fertilizantes
    • Financiamento
    • Fitofarmacêuticos

    Dossiers II

    • Florestas
    • Futuro da PAC
    • Inovação
    • Mercados
    • Newsletters e Revistas
    • Recomendações Agroflorestais
    • Seguros

    Últimas

    Almendras: los precios están un 82% más altos que hace un año

    31/05/2025

    Nueva semana sin tendencia clara en los precios en origen del aceite de oliva

    31/05/2025

    Bolsa do Porco – Semana 22/2025 – 2,552€ (Subida de 0,020€)

    30/05/2025

    Jornadas Técnicas: Segurança no Trabalho Florestal

    30/05/2025

    Newsletter Diária do Agroportal: Se ainda não recebe inscreva-se aqui

    30/05/2025

    Polinizadores: os ajudantes da reprodução das plantas

    30/05/2025
  • Serviços
    • Diretório
    • Emprego
    • Máquinas Agrícolas
    • Meteorologia
    • Terrenos Agrícolas
    • Arquivo Agroportal
Sem Resultado
Ver Todos Os Resultados
Agroportal
Farm Europe

Ukraine: Black Sea Grain Initiative, European solidarity lanes and market dynamics – Situation as of end-March 2023

por Farm Europe
29-03-2023 | 14:00
em Últimas, Internacional, Notícias mercados
Tempo De Leitura: 15 mins
A A
Partilhe no FacebookPartilhe no TwitterEnviar para o WhatsappEnviar para o TelegramEnviar para o LinkedIn

 

The Russian unlawful attack on Ukraine in February 2022 and the following blockade of Ukrainian ports have severely affected global grain supply chains. With Ukraine being a major world exporter of corn, wheat, sunflower and barley, it was imperative for the international community to find solutions to get Ukrainian production out of the country in order to ensure global food security.

The responses to this issue consisted in the set up of “solidarity lines” by the European Union in May 2022, followed by the implementation of the” Black Sea Grain Initiative” in July after an agreement between Ukraine, Russia and Turkey under the supervision of the United Nations. More than one year after the breaking of the war, this paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of these mechanisms, and to take stock of the dynamics of the Ukrainian grain market.

The European solidarity lanes

In response to Russia’s maritime blockade on Ukrainian ports, the EU mobilised in May 2022 the so-called “solidarity lanes”. The aim was to facilitate the export of Ukraine’s agricultural products to compensate as much as possible for the loss of sea routes.

In practice, it consisted in the search for other ways to export Ukraine’s agricultural products via alternative land routes and EU ports, and the set-up of better transport connections, faster customs operation and new storage on EU territory.
Since its first exports, the solidarity lanes have been able to unblock around 29 million metric tonnes of grain to be exported in the EU by road, rail or vessels using the Danube delta.

In the framework of the solidarity lanes, the EU market has opened to Ukrainian imports, resulting in an unprecedented flow of Ukrainians products to eastern Europe. This sudden and significant influx has created tension locally, as large quantities of grain flown in areas with limited storage capacities (compared to the new needs) and high logistic challenges to be overcome to export them while at the same time storing and transporting local productions. Confronted with this issue that affects the Member States differently in the single market, and having assessed the pressure on local prices from these tensions in the logistical chains from the increased transit of products from Ukraine, the Commission has proposed on 20 March an aid package of €56,3 million for farmers in the most affected countries by a drop of local market prices (Poland, Bulgaria, Romania). The payment is expected by 30 September 2023.

The Black Sea Grain Initiative

The Black Sea Grain Initiative is a mechanism implemented by Turkey, Russia and Ukraine under the United Nations supervision to create a grain corridor in the Black Sea. Signed on 27 July 2022, it allows ships to transport grain from three key Ukrainian ports – Odesa, Chernomorsk and Yuzhny – across the Black Sea after an inspection of the Joint Coordination Centre, a body created in the framework of the agreement. Before its entry into force, it was estimated that 22 million tons of grain were stuck in the Ukrainian ports due to the war.

Originally scheduled to run until November 2022, the agreement was first extended for 120 days before a second extension was announced on 18 March 2023. While the original agreement was supposed to extend the Initiative for another 120 days, Russia unilaterally decided to reduce this period to 60 days, warning that any further extension beyond mid-May would depend on the removal of some Western sanctions.

From its launch to 15 March 2023, the Black Sea Grain Initiative has resulted in the delivery of 927 vessels. Altogether, 45 different countries received over 24 million metric tonnes of grain and foodstuffs through this channel. The detailed country-by-country data can be found in the following table.

Destination country N° of vessels received Quantity of grain exported
(thousands of metric tonnes)
Turkey 205 2700
Spain 150 4300
China 105 5400
Italy 99 1800
The Netherlands 39 1500
Egypt 39 842
Greece 26 156
Tunisia 25 560
Libya 22 451
Israel 22 679
Romania 17 285
Portugal 17 577
India 14 412
France 13 273
Bangladesh 12 655
Belgium 11 519
United Kingdom 9 197
Lebanon 8 71
Germany 8 354
Ethiopia 8 203
Algeria 8 182
Kenya 7 327
Bulgaria 7 69
Yemen 6 206
Republic of Korea 6 326
Indonesia 6 341
Afghanistan 6 131
Saudi Arabia 4 184
Oman 3 86
Marocco 3 36
Viet Nam 2 117
UAE 2 65
Sri Lanka 2 104
Somalia 2 54
Ireland 2 60
Iran 2 126
Djibouti 2 7
Thailand 1 68
Sudan 1 65
Pakistan 1 62
Malaysia 1 4
Jordan 1 5
Japan 1 56
Iraq 1 33
Georgia 1 6
Total EU countries 389 9 893
Total 927 24 654

Many third countries have a considerable reliance on Ukrainian grain. Indeed, the countries that have been found to have the highest dependency on Ukrainian and Russian wheat imports, and therefore to be the most vulnerable to these market disruptions, are Somalia (100%), Benin (100%), Laos (94%), Egypt (82%), Sudan (75%), DR Congo (69%), Senegal (66%) and Tanzania (64%).

Ukraine also accounted for half of the supply of the United Nations World Food Programme before the war.

Share of grain exported in the framework of the Black Sea Grain Initiative (mid-March 2023)

In terms of exported cereals, maize accounts for almost half of the exports. This cereal has always been usually mostly exported to China and the EU (for example, it represented 62% of the maize exported shares in 2021 (USDA)). This explains the weight of these two blocs in the total export share.

Wheat constitutes a quarter of the exported volume. It is usually exported to developing countries (notably Egypt, Indonesia and Bangladesh). Since the launching of the Black Sea Grain Initiative, two-thirds of the wheat was destined for developing countries, for which it is the most important and most needed food staple, representing 18.1% of the total shipments of the Black Sea Grains Initiative. Furthermore, it allowed the United Nations World Food Programme to restart shipping from Ukrainian ports, and more than 450 000 tonnes of wheat have been shipped to Ethiopia, Yemen, Djibouti, Somalia and Afghanistan.

Data shows that the addition of the implementation of the Black Sea Grain Initiative and of the solidarity lanes initiative has effectively allowed Ukraine’s wheat and corn exports to recover.

Both are necessary to export quantities that are required to answer to world market demand. 

Estimate of the next harvest for 2023-2024

In 2021, the total land sown in spring amounted to 17 million hectares of crops in Ukraine. These pre-war sowings resulted in decent crops in 2022 despite the difficult conditions and loss of land. In contrast, in 2022 around 4 million hectares remained unplanted due to two main factors:

  • Losses of cultivable area due to the occupied territories or the fact that some land is too damaged by hostilities to be cultivated, or too dangerous
  • Poor profitability for producers: the efforts to facilitate the transportation of exports have resulted in higher costs. Exports by truck, rail or barge from the west are expensive, while long inspection times and associated demurrage charges have added significant costs to shipments through Black Sea ports. These costs have been largely absorbed by Ukrainian producers in the form of lower prices. Furthermore, the prices of input have risen, further reducing producers’ profit margins and discouraging them from planting for the coming year.

In result, Ukraine’s grain harvest could decline by 35-40 million tons in 2023, including 12-15 million tons of wheat and 15-17 million tons of corn, according to the Ukrainian Agribusiness Club.

For comparison purposes, the following graph shows Ukrainian maize, wheat and barley production over the last 10 years.

In the future, wheat supplies for 2023/24 (composed of the year production and the stocks from the 2022/23 marketing year) are likely to be almost 30% below 2022/23 levels and 45% below 2021/22 level. 

Note that the 2021/22 harvest was an exceptional production year.

Concerning maize, the expected supplies for Ukraine for 2023/24 could be 36% below 2022/23 level and 53% below 2021/22 level.

The issue of storage

During summer 2022, the Ukrainian storage abilities were questioned, as the grain was accumulating and could not be delivered abroad. This issue has strongly decreased since the Black Sea Grain Initiative: actually, the high grain stocks allowed exports estimates to grow while production dropped.

Before the invasion, Ukraine was exporting nearly 80% of its corn crop annually, preventing large year-end stocks. The Russian blockade has forced Ukraine to stockpile: the USDA’s estimate for the 2022-23 corn ending stocks in Ukraine amounts to 6,9 million tonnes, up from 5,1 million the previous year. This is well above the norm, which averages 1,3 million tons. In addition, the stock-to-use for the year is estimated at 27%, compared to 4% before the war.

Concerning wheat, the USDA’s estimate for the 2022-23 wheat ending stocks in Ukraine amounts to 4,2 million tonnes, down from 6,8 million the previous years. Here again, the stock-to-use is well above the average of previous years.

Conclusion

The mechanisms set by the European Union and the United Nations have served their purpose in allowing the export of more than 54 millions tonnes of Ukrainian grain. However, the future of the Black Sea Grain Initiative – which has resulted in the export of 25 millions tonnes since August – is conditional on the goodwill of a Russia determined to use it as a leverage to negotiate an easing of Western sanctions toward it.

Moreover, the disturbances created by the war are not limited to the Russian blockade. The harvest of 2022 benefited from the pre-war sowings and was therefore moderately affected by the events, but it will not be the same for future crops. The important stock gathered in 2022 mitigated the gap in the 2022/23 campaign as well.

However, due to the direct and indirect effects of the war, production is expected to decline by 35 to 40 million tons in 2023, with shortfalls of 12 to 15 million tons of wheat and of 15 to 17 million tons of corn. The important stock gathered in 2022 mitigated the gap in the 2022/23 campaign, but in 2023/24 the fall of the production will inevitably affect the international market.

Lastly, with regard to the impact of the Ukrainian products on Eastern European markets, the recently proposed aid package by the Commission may alleviate the pressure for the local farmers. However, the encountered difficulties will remain in these countries, as they are symptomatic of a lack of investment in their infrastructures. It will therefore be crucial for them to be able to invest more in their storage capacities and in the performance of their supply lines on top of the already existing challenge of those countries to develop new outlets for their cereals in their own country, notably based on bio and circular economy.

O artigo foi publicado originalmente em Farm Europe.

Imprimir Artigo
Publicação Anterior

UK Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act

Próxima Publicação

Crise/Inflação: Cooperativa Agrícola de Montalegre diz que IVA zero é boa medida

Artigos Relacionados

Manuel Chaveiro Soares
Últimas

Gripe Aviária: um risco que importa minimizar

01/06/2025
Internacional

China alarga embargo à importação de frango brasileiro a todos os produtos derivados

31/05/2025
faça chuva faça sol
Últimas

Faça Chuva Faça Sol – T9 Ep. 22

31/05/2025
Próxima Publicação

Crise/Inflação: Cooperativa Agrícola de Montalegre diz que IVA zero é boa medida

Opinião

Manuel Chaveiro Soares
Últimas

Gripe Aviária: um risco que importa minimizar

por Manuel Chaveiro Soares
01/06/2025

Ler mais
Bruno Carvalho e Fernando Portela
Últimas

Kiwi português, um setor em crescimento com desafios por superar

por Bruno Carvalho e Fernando Portela
25/05/2025

Ler mais

Subscrever as nossas newsletteres

Subscrever as nossas Newsletters Agroportal

Verifique na sua caixa de correio ou na pasta de spam para confirmar a sua subscrição.

Comunicados

GPP

1.ª Reunião Portugal-Brasil: Fortalecimento da Cooperação no Setor Vitivinícola

30/05/2025

Newsletter Diária do Agroportal: Se ainda não recebe inscreva-se aqui

30/05/2025

Temas em destaque

Água que Une

Eventos

Junho 2025
STQQSSD
       1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30       
« Mai   Jul »
Advertisement

Sobre Nós

O Agroportal.pt é uma plataforma de informação digital que reúne a informação relevante sobre agricultura. Tem um foco na Política Agrícola Comum e a sua aplicação em Portugal.

Menu

  • Quem somos
  • Relatórios anuais
  • Envie-nos informação
  • Publicidade
  • Newsletters
  • Estatuto Editorial
  • Ficha técnica
  • Proteção de Dados Pessoais
  • Disclaimer
Facebook twitter Circle Instagram Rss Feed

© Agroportal. All Rights reserved.

  • Login
  • Registar
Sem Resultado
Ver Todos Os Resultados
  • Sugeridas
  • Notícias
    • Nacional
    • Internacional
    • Comunicados
  • Opinião
  • Eventos
  • Dossiers
    • Agricultura Biológica
    • Apoios
    • Artigos Técnicos
    • Biossoluções
    • Cadeia Alimentar
    • Fertilizantes
    • Financiamento
    • Fitofarmacêuticos
    • Florestas
    • Futuro da PAC
    • Inovação
    • Mercados e Cotações agrícolas
    • Newsletters e Revistas
    • Recomendações Agroflorestais
    • Seguros agrícolas
  • Serviços
    • Diretório
    • Emprego
    • Máquinas Agrícolas
    • Meteorologia
    • Terrenos Agrícolas
    • Arquivo Agroportal

© Agroportal. All Rights reserved.

Bem-Vindo De Volta!

Faça login na sua conta abaixo

Esqueceu-se da senha? Registar

Criar Uma Nova Conta!

Preencha os campos abaixo para se registar

* Ao se registar-se no nosso site, você concorda com os Termos e Condições e a Política de Privacidade .
Todos os campos são necessários. Entrar

Obter a sua senha

Indique por favor o seu nome de utilizador ou endereço de E-mail para repor a sua senha.

Entrar
Este site usa cookies. Ao continuar a utilizar este site, está a dar consentimento à utilização de cookies. Visite a nossa Política de Protecção de dados e Cookies.